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Web Designing Web Development | 1

Different types of technologies we use to create a Web page

Web development comes with a large set of rules and techniques that each website developer should realize. If one wants a website to look and function as they want them to, he/she needs to get conversant in web technologies that may help them achieve their goals.

Developing an app or an internet site typically comes all the way down to knowing 3 main languages: JavaScript, CSS, and HTML. Although it sounds quite complicated, once you recognize what you're doing, understanding web technology and therefore the way it works becomes significantly easier. Since computers can’t communicate with one another the way people do, they require codes instead. Web technologies are the markup languages and multimedia packages computers use to speak.

Browsers requests the data and so they show us in a very simpler way that one can understand. One can think about them as the interpreters of the web. A  foremost popular ones are :

•  Google Chrome – Currently, the foremost popular browser delivered to you by Google
•  Safari – Apple’s application program
•  Firefox – Open-source browser supported by the Mozilla Foundation
•  Internet Explorer – Microsoft’s browser

Programming Languages :

since computers don’t use languages that are anything like human languages, they have a different way to communicate. Here are some of the foremost popular programming languages :

• Javascript – utilized by all web browsers, Meteor, and much of other frameworks
•  CoffeeScript – a “dialect” of JavaScript. it's viewed as simpler but it converts back to JavaScript
•  Python – utilized by the Django framework yet as within the majority of mathematical calculations
•  Ruby – employed by the Ruby on Rails framework
•  PHP – employed by WordPress to make those WYSIWYG editors that everyone seems to be using now. It’s also utilized by Facebook, Wikipedia, and other major sites
•  Go – newer language, built for speed
•  Swift – Apple’s newest programing language
• Java – employed by Android and lots of desktop applications

 What are the various varieties of Web Technologies?

Web Browsers

Web browsers, often just called browsers, make it possible for us to look at all the resources that are a part of the cyber web. they're supported a client-server architecture. The client is the browser in this scenario. You will consider the server as a mixture of software and hardware that receives the client’s requests and then sends the requested resource to the client.

Whenever you enter an URL into a browser’s address bar, it relays your request to the server and fetches and displays whatever the user has requested for. Some of the most popular web browsers are Opera, Mozilla Firefox, Google Chrome, and Safari.

Frontend Vs Backend Development Technologies

These two are also important to know as a part of the introduction to web technologies.

Front-end refers to any or all those parts of an internet site that a user can see on their screen and interact with.

Back-end refers back to the precise opposite of that. It involves the hidden mechanisms that make an online page function. A typical user is mostly unaware of what goes on at the back-end.

HTML

HyperText Markup Language, more commonly named as HTML, is where the WWW started. It is a critical component of all “Introduction to Web Technologies and Basics” lessons. It is a client-side language is used to code the front-end of an internet site. It helps developers define how the web page are structured, and it does so with the assistance of elements that are identified by tags.

Example:

Each item enclosed in the < > brackets is an element. DOCTYPE, however, is just a declaration which communicates to the browser that what it is about to load is an HTML document. The < body> element defines all the content that forms the body of the document. < h1> and < p> indicate the start of a heading and a paragraph, respectively. < /body>, <  /h1>, and < /p> are closing tags. They indicate where the body, heading, and paragraph end

CSS

CSS is one among the foremost fundamental website design technologies. To further beautify your sites, you'll be able to integrate CSS (Cascading Style Sheets) into your HTML code.

The process of applying certain styles to certain elements of your HTML code can develop into a repetitive task. So to save lots of time and energy, CCSS can be used to streamline the process of styling your pages across the entire site. Once you prepare a style-sheet with all the default font styles, colors, and other characteristics associated with the general layout of a web page, you'll be able to apply it site-wide. CSS is additionally combined with Bootstrap to style mobile-first web apps.

Programming Languages and Frameworks

Programming languages are the foremost basic component of website creation. So as to code a Website, you need to be familiar with a few programming concepts, some languages and their syntax, and a good development IDE . A number of these languages could also be of general-purpose, but others are specifically created for the aim of web development.

Below are some examples of commonly-used web development languages.

1. Java

Java was created in 1991 as a general-purpose programming language but slowly it evolved to play a major role in web development in the mid-90s.

Java is well-known due to some of its amazing features, including its

• Object-oriented nature
• Portability and platform-independence
• Simple syntax
• Learnability
• Robustness

When it comes to web development, Java is generally used at the server-side.

2. JavaScript

JavaScript was first created in 1995. Today, it is one of the favorite of developers all round the world. It is now a significant component of web development that helps create dynamic elements of web pages.The introduction of JavaScript led to the revolutionary wave of interactive sites. Today, the inclusion of graphical elements, database integration, and overall dynamics of a web site are all possible because of the appearance of JavaScript.

While JavaScript was initially introduced as a front-end development language, it's now becoming a well-liked choice for back-end development in addition.

3. Python

Python has been around for years but is merely recently gaining popularity thanks to its extremely easy-to-learn, readable syntax in addition as its high productivity. A task which may use 10 lines of code when written in the other programming language could easily be achieved in 2-3 lines of Python code.

For server-side web development, Python is commonly used in conjunction with the Django or Flask frameworks, which further simplifies the development process.

4. PHP

PHP, a recursive acronym, stands for PHP: Hypertext Preprocessor. It is the foremost popular and widely-used scripting language preferred by both newbies and seasoned professionals within the web development industry. It is very easy to find out and is totally free.

When used with Apache (or any other) HTTP server at the back-end, PHP enables you to deliver efficient, high-speed and high-performance web development projects. Also, since PHP has been around for years and has only grown bigger and better, there's extensive developer community support easily available.

5. Ruby

Introduced within the mid-90s, Ruby may be a powerful general-purpose programming language that has, over the years, become popular among back-end developers. It is often used in conjunction with its popular framework Ruby on Rails. Ruby is especially recommended for traffic-intensive websites and those that require a lot of work at the database end. It is also useful for writing scalable apps.

Popular sites such as Twitter and Shopify were built with Ruby at the backend.

6. Objective-C & Swift

Both Objective-C and Swift are general-purpose programming languages that are used specifically to create apps for Apple devices which run macOS and iOS.

Objective-C builds upon C while Swift is heavily supported the syntax of C++. While Objective-C has been around for several more years than Swift has, the previous is slowly losing followers because it is becoming increasingly obsolete. Swift is anticipated to gradually replace Objective-C with its more advanced features, ease-of-use, and security. Ever since Swift was open-sourced, developers are using it for web development in addition.

Frameworks

In simple terms, a framework will be defined as skeleton code. Think about it as a rough outline with no fine details. A framework defines the essential functions or tasks that the code is anticipated to try and do.However, in order to tell that particular program how to perform those functions, you will have to write some more detailed, specific instructions.

Let’s take a glance at some frameworks that are commonly employed by coders for the aim of back-end web development, together with the languages that they work best with.

Databases

All the data that is exchanged on the web needs to be stored somewhere. For this purpose, most websites have their own databases associated with them.

Some databases that are either relational or non-relational and that are commonly used for web applications are as follows:

• MySQL
• SQL Server
• Postgres
• Oracle
• MongoDB
• Redis

Data Formats 

Whenever there's a desire to exchange data between two devices on the web, a correct procedure is followed. Data is packaged properly for transmission from the source to the destination. Special APIs (Application Programming Interfaces) are designed and integrated into websites for convenient data exchange. They arrange the information in such a way that the receiver can easily decode and understand it.

Below are two common data formats employed in web development.

1. XML

XML stands for Extensible Markup Language. XML operates in an exceedingly similar manner in this it breaks down data into elements identified by various varieties of tags. However, with XML, you'll be able to invent your own tags to explain your data better. This data, upon reaching an internet app or server, are often easily understood and analyzed.

2. JSON

After years of experiencing XML’s bulkiness and heavy consumption of bandwidth, experts came up with JSON (JavaScript Object Notation). Unlike XML, JSON focuses more on quick and simple data exchange instead of detailed data definition and modeling. It also eliminates all the additional load that XML carries within the type of repetitive tags.

JSON relies on the familiar key-value pair mechanism. Its syntax resembles that of JavaScript, making it quite easy to read and understand.

Protocols

Web protocols are some predefined rules that has to be followed by everyone communicating over the online. they're important to know when getting an introduction to web technologies

HTTP

HyperText Transfer Protocol, better called HTTP, could be a web protocol that defines two concepts:

1) How client requests are relayed to servers

2) How servers reply to client requests

The request must specify the subsequent four items:

• The URL for the resource that the client wants
• A method, like GET (which is employed to fetch data from the server) or POST (which is employed to send data that has to be updated on the server)
• A list of headers (Request headers may contain miscellaneous information about the client or the resource that they need requested, like client browser name, software, message size, time and date of request, access control information/credentials etc.)
• The body which contains the data that the client wants to send to the server
• The server sends a response from the opposite end once a call for participation has been treated.

This response specifies three elements:

• A status code which is within the style of a 3-digit number (A status code that you simply may need seen during your everyday web browsing sessions is 404, which indicates that the requested resource couldn't be found.)
• A list of headers (response headers resemble request headers in structure, and will carry information like message size, content type, etc.)
• The body which contains the data that the client requested from the server

Graphics 

Graphical elements are a key feature of any web-page. They not only contribute to the beautification of a page but can also be used to convey important points in a better manner than text does.

1. Canvas

Canvas is an element that is a part of HTML. When used together with JavaScript (or the other scripting language), you'll be able to draw graphics on an online page bit by bit. The JS aspect provides interactivity in Canvas graphics, including animation.

Canvas works best in situations where a large number of graphical objects must be loaded on an online page. It is quick and light-weight in this aspect. However, it's not very exceptional when it involves re-sizing graphics and scaling them up since it's raster-based.

2. SVG

SVG stands for Scalable Vector Graphics. it's supported XML and works all right with HTML. it may also easily be manipulated using CSS.

The secret to its popularity is in its name: Scalability. What sets SVG but other graphical styles like JPEG and PNG is that it's not pixel-based. It relies on numeric dimensions (vectors) which might be easily scaled up or down without a loss in quality.

When it involves using graphical elements on an internet site, the standard of the graphics may be a critical factor. SVG not only achieves high performance for larger-sized graphics but also ensures interactivity. because of these reasons, SVG is currently one in every of the foremost highly-preferred graphical web technologies.

3. WebGL

Web Graphics Library, better called WebGL, could be a web technology resource that enables browsers to render both 2D and 3D images on the screen. It eliminates the requirement for external plug-ins and is compatible with both desktop and mobile browsers.

The Future of Web Technologies :

The World Wide Web will grow at astonishing rates to incorporate the next number of individuals, devices, and resources available online. Therefore, web technologies are expected to proportion. Consequently, tech professionals will strive harder to supply accessible online page to users everywhere. Tougher security measures will need to be taken to guard private website from malicious cyberattacks.

The WWW started as Web 1.0 with static web content written in plain old HTML. It then moved on to Web 2.0 with the arrival of JavaScript and other technologies that enabled users to interact with online page and produce their own.

Soon, the online will go a step further and enter its third phase, i.e. Web 3.0, which can be much more decentralized than it's today. Modern technologies like AI and IoT will soon dominate the online. Everything is far more automated in terms of both the event and consumption of latest content.